Metronidazole
What is metronidazole?
Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication widely used to treat bacterial infections, including those affecting the skin.
It comes in various formulations including tablets, capsules, liquids and topical creams. It works by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.
What is the history of metronidazole?
Metronidazole was first synthesised in 1959 by a team of scientists at Rhone-Poulenc, a French pharmaceutical company. It was first developed as an used to treat trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by a single-celled parasite.
In the 1960s, metronidazole was found to be effective against other parasites and bacteria. The medicine was introduced into clinical practice in the 1970s and quickly became widely used. It is now available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, creams, gels, and solutions for injection.
What is metronidazole used for?
Metronidazole is commonly used to treat infections of the skin, respiratory system, digestive tract, and reproductive organs. It can also prevent infections during surgery or dental procedures. Dermatologists use metronidazole cream to treat skin conditions including rosacea, acne and dermatitis.
Metronidazole cream has been shown to be effective in reducing both the inflammation and the number of papules and pustules caused by rosacea. It works by targeting the bacteria that thrive in the hair follicles and contribute to the inflammatory response. Metronidazole is typically used for several weeks to target rosacea.
Acne vulgaris is another skin condition that can be treated with metronidazole. It is caused by an excessive production of sebum, a waxy substance that clogs the pores and leads to the growth of bacteria called propionibacterium acnes. Metronidazole works against the bacteria and has anti-inflammatory properties that can reduce the redness and swelling associated with acne.
Perioral dermatitis is a type of skin rash that usually affects the area around the mouth, nose, and eyes. It presents as small red bumps or spots that can be itchy or painful. The exact cause of perioral dermatitis is unknown, but it is thought to be related to the use of topical steroid creams or cosmetics. Metronidazole has been shown to be an effective treatment option for perioral dermatitis.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that manifests as red, scaly patches on the face, scalp and other areas of the body. It is often accompanied by itching and flaking. Although the exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood, it is believed to be related to an overgrowth of yeast on the skin surface. Metronidazole has antifungal properties, working against the yeast to treat seborrheic dermatitis.
Metronidazole cream is effective in the treatment of:
- Rosacea
- Acne vulgaris
- Perioral dermatitis
- Seborrheic dermatitis
What should you know before using metronidazole cream?
- Avoid applying the cream near your eyes, on your mouth, or any open wounds as it may cause irritation.
- Be consistent with your dosage and application schedule to ensure maximum benefits
- You should use metronidazole exactly as directed by your prescriber
- Always use sunscreen (SPF 30+) to help prevent sun damage and accelerated skin ageing
- Seek medical attention if you experience any side effects while using metronidazole such as rashes, itching, or difficulty breathing
How should I apply metronidazole cream?
- Cleanse your face to remove makeup and sunscreen
- Perform a second cleanse to clean the skin
- Using clean hands, apply a thin layer of the metronidazole cream to the area you’re treating, then gently rub it into the skin. Keep the cream away from your eyes
- Wash your hands again when you’re finished
- To keep your skin hydrated and protected, apply moisturiser and sunscreen
How long should I use metronidazole for?
Often you will be prescribed metronidazole for around three months to tackle rosacea and other skin conditions but sometimes treatment can take longer. Speak to your prescriber for more information and stop using metronidazole immediately if you have a reaction.
Are there side effects from using metronidazole cream?
Metronidazole cream has been proven to be safe and effective when used under the supervision of a medical professional. It is generally well-tolerated with few side effects and can be used in combination with other common skincare ingredients, such as azelaic acid and niacinamide. Remember to tell your prescriber if you’re taking any other medicines, including herbal remedies.
In rare cases metronidazole cream can cause skin irritation such as flaking, redness, soreness, swelling, dryness and itching. It is important to follow the dosage and frequency prescribed to you and speak to your prescriber immediately if any adverse reactions occur.
Is it safe to use metronidazole cream during pregnancy?
Metronidazole cream should only be used in pregnancy after discussion with your doctor. Speak to your prescriber before you use metronidazole if you are trying to get pregnant.